Gene-environment interactions related to maternal exposure to environmental and lifestyle-related chemicals during pregnancy and the resulting adverse fetal growth: a review

BACKGROUND@#There are only limited numbers of reviews on the association of maternal-child genetic polymorphisms and environmental and lifestyle-related chemical exposure during pregnancy with adverse fetal growth. Thus, this article aims to review: (1) the effect of associations between the above highlighted factors on adverse fetal growth and (2) recent birth cohort studies regarding environmental health risks.@*METHODS@#Based on a search of the PubMed database through August 2021, 68 epidemiological studies on gene-environment interactions, focusing on the association between environmental and lifestyle-related chemical exposure and adverse fetal growth was identified. Moreover, we also reviewed recent worldwide birth cohort studies regarding environmental health risks.@*RESULTS@#Thirty studies examined gene-smoking associations with adverse fetal growth. Sixteen maternal genes significantly modified the association between maternal smoking and adverse fetal growth. Two genes significantly related with this association were detected in infants. Moreover, the maternal genes that significantly interacted with maternal smoking during pregnancy were cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 3 (XRCC3), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ alpha 1 (HLA-DQA1), HLA DQ beta 1 (HLA-DQB1), and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Fetal genes that had significant interactions with maternal smoking during pregnancy were glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). Thirty-eight studies examined the association between chemical exposures and adverse fetal growth. In 62 of the 68 epidemiological studies (91.2%), a significant association was found with adverse fetal growth. Across the studies, there was a wide variation in the analytical methods used, especially with respect to the genetic polymorphisms of interest, environmental and lifestyle-related chemicals examined, and the study design used to estimate the gene-environment interactions. It was also found that a consistently increasing number of European and worldwide large-scale birth cohort studies on environmental health risks have been conducted since approximately 1996.@*CONCLUSION@#There is some evidence to suggest the importance of gene-environment interactions on adverse fetal growth. The current knowledge on gene-environment interactions will help guide future studies on the combined effects of maternal-child genetic polymorphisms and exposure to environmental and lifestyle-related chemicals during pregnancy.

Re-discussion on "Fenglong (ST 40) for phlegm" / 中国针灸

After reading the article, Tracing Origin and Development of "Fenglong (ST 40) for Phlegm": Examination and Verification published in Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, the authors collected the original evidences also for the effect of Fenglong (ST 40) on phlegm disorders by tracing from 9 ancient books of acupuncture and moxibustion, explored the standardized expressions of its indications and analyzed the changes of its indications. In that article, it was viewed that the effect of Fenglong (ST 40) started to be generalized in treatment of phlegm disorders since the Ming Dynasty. On contrary, we believes that Fenglong (ST 40) works on strengthening the spleen and resolving dampness for the disorders caused by the broad meaning of "phlegm/damp". Based on it, since the Ming Dynasty, the effect of Fenglong (ST 40) is extended specifically for the disorders caused by the visible sputum from the lung, the narrowing mean of "phlegm". Hence, if "Fenglong (ST 40) for phlegm" is considered as an academic point of view, it needs an adequate evidences to expound and prove.

Ciência da disseminação em DOHaD para a promoção da saúde nas futuras gerações / Dissemination Science in DOHaD for health promotion in future generations

Após o reconhecimento de princípios evolutivos e da epigenética associada à plasticidade do desenvolvimento, a ciência de DOHaD (Origens Desenvolvimentistas da Saúde e Doença) floresceu. Segundo DOHaD, a exposição a condições adversas no início da vida, como a subnutrição, leva a respostas adaptativas para aumentar as chances de sobrevivência imediata e posterior, as quais podem aumentar o risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) no curso da vida. Outros insultos como obesidade (materna e paterna) na preconcepção e gestação, diabetes gestacional, aleitamento e a alimentação inadequada na infância podem induzir respostas não adaptativas e aumentar o risco de doenças, independentemente do ambiente posterior. A exposição à desreguladores endócrinos, substâncias tóxicas e poluentes também podem ter efeitos de longo prazo. Esses efeitos são mediados por alterações epigenéticas, as quais se tornam mais sensíveis nesse período crítico de desenvolvimento de intensa reorganização. Diante da transição nutricional e coexistência das diferentes formas de desnutrição nos países de baixa e média renda (PBMR); do aumento global das DCNT, cujo impacto social e econômico é maior nesses países; da fraca contribuição de fatores genéticos fixos na etiologia dessas doenças; e da ineficácia das atuais intervenções, a implementação de DOHaD representa uma estratégia potencial para beneficiar as futuras gerações. Considerando que a disseminação de DOHaD não têm acompanhado seu florescimento científico, esse trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um ebook direcionado para nutricionistas e um artigo relativo aos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na perspectiva de DOHaD, a fim de aproximar a ciência destes profissionais e fomentar sua implementação. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura a partir artigos científicos em inglês e português, publicados nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed e BVS, sem limite de data. O trabalho evidenciou que o desafio da dupla carga de doenças e das diferentes formas de desnutrição nos PBMR, foi agravado pela pandemia, tornando imperativo medidas de intervenção por seu provável impacto no ciclo intergeracional de DCNT e desenvolvimento dos países. A aproximação dessa ciência do nutricionista, propicia uma formação mais ampla e integrativa, através de capacitação técnica e habilidades interpessoais, capazes de acionar as fragilidades biopsicossociais, e melhor intervir, equacionando resultados de curto e longo prazo, a fim de interromper o ciclo intergeracional de DCNT, assim como otimizar o capital humano, a capacidade de produção e renda da futura geração. Conclui-se que o material desenvolvido é de grande valia, dado que a disseminação desse conhecimento deve se estender aos nutricionistas de todas as áreas e ser multiplicado

After evolutionary and epigenetics principles associated with the plasticity of development were recognized, DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) science flourished. According to DOHaD, the exposure to adverse conditions at the beginning of life, like undernutrition, leads to adaptive responses to increased immediate and later odds of survival, which may increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) during life. Other conditions such as obesity (maternal and paternal) in preconception and pregnancy, gestational diabetes, lactation, and inadequate nourishment during infancy can induce non-adaptive responses and increased risk of diseases, regardless of the upcoming environment. The exposure to endocrine disruptors, and toxic and pollutant substances can also have long-term effects. Those effects are mediated by epigenetic changes, which become more sensitive during this critical period of development under intense reorganization. Considering the nutritional transition and coexistence of the different forms of undernutrition in the low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); the global increase of NCDs, with a higher social and economic impact in those countries; the weak contribution of fixed genetic factors in the etiology of those diseases; and the inefficacy of current interventions, the implementation of DOHaD represents a potential strategy to benefit future generations. Considering that the dissemination of DOHaD have not followed its scientific progress, the goal of the present work was to develop an e-book targeting nutritionists and an article about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the perspective of DOHaD, intended to drive the science closer to those professionals and foster its implementation. It is a narrative review of the literature regarding scientific articles published in English and Portuguese on the data bases SciELO, PubMed and BVS, with no date limit. The work has highlighted that the challenge of the double burden of the diseases and the several forms of undernutrition in the LMIC, was aggravated by the pandemic, making intervention measures imperative due to its likely impact on the intergenerational cycle of NCD and the development of countries. By inching closer to nutritionists this science provides larger and more integrative education through technical training and interpersonal abilities that help activate biopsychosocial fragilities, and better intervention; providing short- and long-term results aiming to interrupt the NCD intergenerational cycle, as well as optimize the human capital, the work and income capacity of the future generation. It is concluded that the material developed is of great value, given that the dissemination of this knowledge should reach all nutritionists from all areas and be multiplied

Effect of Flower Removal on Content of Three Alkaloids in Different Parts of Fritillaria thunbergii from Different Regions and at Different Growth Stages / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of flower removal on the content of three alkaloids in different parts of Fritillaria thunbergii from different regions and at different growth stages. MethodThe content of peiminine， peimine， and peimisine in the bulb， root， stem， and leaf of F. thunbergii after flower removal and with flower un-removed at different growth stages and in different regions were determined simultaneously by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection （UPLC-ELSD） method. The UPLC was conducted on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column （2.1 mm × 150 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of 0.02% triethylamine aqueous solution （A） and methanol （B）elution gradient（0-2 min， 45%A； 2-5 min， 45%-25%A； 5-7 min， 25%A； 7-17 min， 25%-10%A； 17-20 min， 10%A）， flow velocity of 0.20 mL·min-1， column temperature 35 °C， sample room temperature of 20 °C， and injection volume of 3 µL. The ELSD was carried out at drift tube temperature 45 °C and with the sprayer parameter of 40%. ResultThe flower removal significantly increased the yield of F. thunbergii. At the budding stage， the alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii from Ningbo in Zhejiang， Pan'an in Zhejiang， and Nantong in Jiangsu after flower removal were significantly higher than that of flowering un-removal treatment， while it showed no significant difference between the flower removal and un-removal treatments for the samples from Fengjie in Chongqing. At the flowering stage， the alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii from Nantong in Jiangsu after flower removal was significantly higher than that of flower un-removal treatment， while it showed an opposite trend for the samples from Pan'an in Zhejiang and Fengjie in Chongqing and had no significant difference between the two treatments for the samples from Ningbo in Zhejiang. At the bulb expansion stage， the alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii from Ningbo in Zhejiang and Pan’an in Zhejiang after flower removal were significantly higher than that of flower un-removal treatment， which was opposite for the samples from Nantong in Jiangsu and had no significant difference between the treatments for the samples from Fengjie in Chongqing. At the harvest stage， except for the samples from Pan'an in Zhejiang， the samples from the rest 3 regions showed decreased alkaloid content in the bulb after flower removal compared with that of flower un-removal treatment. The alkaloid content in the leaf was higher than that in the bulb of F. thunbergii at all growth stages and from different origins. ConclusionFlower removal can increase the yield of F. thunbergii. The alkaloid content in the bulb of F. thunbergii with flower removed was higher than that with flower un-removed at the budding stage， while this trend was reversed at the harvest stage. Both the yield and the alkaloid content of F. thunbergii from Pan'an in Zhejiang were increased by flower removal. The above-ground part of F. thunbergii has a potential development value.

A combined quality evaluation method that integrates chemical constituents, appearance traits and origins of raw Rehmanniae Radix pieces / 中国天然药物

The quality control of Chinese herbal medicine is a current challenge for the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional quality evaluation methods lack quantitative analysis, while modern quality evaluation methods ignore the origins and appearance traits. Therefore, an integrated quality evaluation method is urgent in need. Raw Rehmanniae Radix (RRR) is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine. At present, much attention has been drwan towards its quality control, which however is limited by the existing quality evaluation methods. The present study was designed to establish a comprehensive and practical method for the quality evaluation and control of RRR pieces based on its chemical constituents, appearance traits and origins. Thirty-three batches of RRR pieces were collected from six provinces, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine the following five constituents, including catalpol, rehmannioside A, rehmannioside D, leonuride and verbascoside in RRR pieces. Their appearance traits were quantitatively observed. Furthermore, correlation analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and t-test were performed to evaluate the qualities of RRR pieces. These batches of RRR pieces were divided into three categories: samples from Henan province, samples from Shandong and Shanxi provinces, and those from other provinces. Furthermore, the chemical constituents and appearance traits of RRR pieces were significantly different from diverse origins. The combined method of chemical contituents, appearance traits and origins can distinguish RRR pieces with different qualities, which provides basic reference for the quality control of Chinese herbal medicine.

Fingerprint Establishment of Rhizoma Ligustici from Different Origins and Their Chemometrics Analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish UPLC fingerpri nt of Ligusticum sinense ，Ligusticum jeholense and Conioselinum vaginatium，and to conduct their chemometrics analysis so as to provide reference for the identification of Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins. METHODS ：UPLC method combined with Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprints （2012 edition） were used to establish the fingerprints of Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins. Chromatographic peak identification and similarity evaluation were carried out. Cluster analysis （CA），principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）were performed to analyze Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins，and screen differential components. RESULTS ：Totally 13，11，11 characteristic peaks were identified in UPLC fingerprints of L. sinense ，L. jeholense and C. vaginatium ，respectively. Similarity evaluation showed that the similarity between C. vaginatium and L. jeholense were 0.312-0.541；that between C. vaginatium and L. sinense were 0.324-0.682；that between L. sinense and L. jeholense were 0.312-0.671，indicating there was great difference among Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins. CA，PCA and OPLS-DA showed that Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins were clustered into each category respectively ； chemical components represented by peak 10，peak 13，peak 12，peak 7 and peak 6 were differential components for Rhizoma Ligustici from 3 origins. CONCLUSIONS ：The study establishes UPLC fingerprint of Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins ， and screens 5 differential components ，which can be used to identify Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins.

Comparison of the Contents of 14 Inorganic Elements in Cyperus rotundus from Different Origins Based on Stoichiometry / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for the content determination of inorganic elements in Cyperus rotundus ，and to compare the contents of 14 kinds of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different producing areas ，and to provide theoretical basis for its quality control and high quality resources development . METHODS ：The samples were processed by microwave digestion，and ICP-MS method was used to determine the contents of Na ，Mg，K，Ca，Mn，Fe，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Se，Sr，Cd and Pb. SPSS 23.0 software were used for principal component analysis （PCA）and cluster analysis. RESULTS ：The average contents of above 14 kinds of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different producing areas were 168.62，753.71， 6 938.33，24.31，14.69，197.77，0.60，2.43，26.89，0.21，0.06，5.64，0.05，0.32 mg/kg，respectively. The results of PCA showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first four principal components was 86.203％，which could reflect most of the information of the original data. C. rotundus from Shandong ，Jiangxi，Shanxi，Hubei and Yunnan ranked the top five places in terms of comprehensive score of inorganic element contents. The results of cluster analysis showed that the samples from 9 producing areas were clustered into 5 categories，showing the characteristics of clustering by producing area. From the perspective of inorganic elements ，the quality of C. rotundus from East China ，Central China ，North China and Southwest China was better than that from South China. CONCLUSIONS ：Essential trace elements like Na ，Mg，K，Ca，Mn，Fe，Cu，Zn，Sr are rich in C. rotundus，and there are small amounts of Ni ，As，Se，Cd，Pb elements in it. The contents difference of inorganic elements in C. rotundus from different origins may related to the geographical area it belongs to.

Research on revision of origins to Chinese medicinal materials in 2020 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

The origins of 9 species of the Chinese medicinal materials in the 2015 edition of the Chinese pharmacopoeia(ChP) has revised in the 2020 edition of ChP. The revision is based on the investigation and textual research on the problems found after screening the original plants, animals or minerals of all the Chinese medicinal materials in the 2015 edition. Among them the Chinese names of Alismatis Rhizoma, Cassiae Semen, Coicis Semen, Corydalis Bungeanae Herba and Echinopsis Radix all do not match to the Latin scientific names, and also do not match the name of the actual medicinal origins. In addition, Alismatis Rhizoma has the omission of original plant. There is confusion about the Chinese name and the family name of the original insect of Cera Chinensis. The original mineral of Gypsum Fibrosum has the wrong group names. Alumstone and melanterite, the original mineral of Alumen and Melanteritum respectively, of which the group names are missing. To solve these problems, field survey and literature research were conducted on the medicinal materials and their origins. The source of these problems are explored. The correct origins and the Chinese names or Latin names are all determined according to the research results to the situation, in which the Chinese and Latin names of the original plants of the medicinal materials do not match. The correct family name and group name are obtained through textual research by taxonomy if the names are confused or mis-sing. The scientific evidence and correct results of revision in the 2020 edition of ChP are determined at last.

Comparative Study on the Contents of 4 Components in the Volatile Oil of Cyperus rotundus from Different Origins Based on HPLC Method and Multivariate Statistical Analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To estab lish the method for simultaneous determination of the contents of cyperotundone ， nootkatone，α-cyperone and aristolone in the volatile oil of Cyperus rotundus ，compare the content differences of 4 components in C. rotundus samples from different origins ，and to provide reference for germplasm screening ，development and utilization of the medicinal material. METHODS ：The volatile oil was extracted from 46 batches of C. rotundus from 12 origins. The contents of cypermenone，nootkatone，α-cyperone and aristolone in volatile oil were determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Kromasil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water （68∶32，V/V）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min；the column temperature was 30 ℃；the detection wavelength was set at 242 nm；the sample size was 20 μL. Using the contents of above 4 components as evaluation indexes ，radar image analysis ，cluster thermal map analysis and principal component analysis were performed for comparing the quality of C. rotundus from different origins. RESULTS ：The results of content determination methodology investigation met relevant requirements ；the total contents of 4 components in volatile oil from C. rotundus from different origins ranged from 136.986 4 to 538.832 1 mg/g，of which the total content of samples from Yunnan was the highest （the average value was 476.059 2 mg/g）. Radar image analysis results showed that the whole contour in the 4 origins of Guangdong ， Jiangxi，Guangxi and Yunnan was large relatively and better balanced ，among which the samples from Yunnan had the largest overall contour and the best balance. The cluster thermal map analysis results showed that the samples from 12 origins could be grouped into 2 categories，the first category was from Hubei ，Jiangxi，Yunnan，Sichuan，Guangdong，Shandong，Henan and Shaanxi；the second category was from Guangxi ，Shanxi，Anhui and Hainan ；the quality of samples from the first category were better than that of samples from the second category. The principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 96.1％，and the samples from 12 origins were mainly clustered into two categories ，which was consistent with the results of cluster thermal map analysis. CONCLUSIONS ：Established HPLC method can be used for simultaneous determination of cypermenone ，nootkatone，α-cyperone and aristolone in volatile oil of C. rotundus from different origins. Among the samples from 12 origins，the quality of medicinal material from Yunnan is better.

Chemical Constituents of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma with Different Growth Years and Different Origins Based on LC-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the components of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma of different origins and growth years. Method::Rapid liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) was applied to detect the raw data of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma.After peak extraction, alignment, and normalization, the multivariate statistical analysis was made for the resulted dataset to find out the different compounds.The compounds were identified by using accurate molecular weight and tandem mass spectra, and the standard references were used to further confirm the identification.The changing trends of these components in different ginseng samples were observed. Result::The ginseng samples of different growth years and different origins were divided into different groups in the score plot of PLS-DA, and the variables with the variable importance in projection (VIP) value of more than 1 were considered to contribute more to the separations, then the t-test was applied to determine whether potential biomarkers were statistically significant (P<0.05) between the two groups.The contents of eleven compounds, including ginsenoside Rb1, Rh4, and Rk2, were significantly different between ginseng samples aged 3 and 5 years, and the contents of these compounds increased as the rise of the ginseng growth years.Ginsenosides Rg1, Rf, Rh1, Rb1, and other six compounds were significantly different in ginseng samples from Jilin and Heilongjiang province. Conclusion::LC-MS is a rapid and accurate method for the analysis of ginseng samples, and could help to find out the different components among samples.

Identidade e pertencimento: Grupos de apoio à adoção e direito às origens / Identity and belonging: right to origin and adoption support groups / Identidad y pertenencia: grupos de apoyo en la adopción y derechos a los orígenes

Resumo Tendo como ponto de partida o debate sobre o conhecimento das origens de parentesco como direito humano, este artigo discute a correlação entre identidade e pertencimento familiar a partir de pesquisa etnográfica em grupos de apoio à adoção, conversas e entrevistas com seus membros e coordenadores. A partir da narrativa de uma filha adotada, que conhecemos nas reuniões do grupo, aprofundamos ainda a discussão sobre o modo como numa trajetória pessoal singular se entrelaçam questões identitárias e relacionais tanto quanto concepções mais amplas sobre família, parentesco, raça, gênero, classe e pertencimento. Concordando com Strathern (1999) que a revelação de uma nova informação de parentesco pode ser envolvida por cautelas e tensões, uma vez que traz impactos embutidos para a identidade pessoal e para os relacionamentos, refletimos sobre alguns dos embates entre a prática de adoção e o direito às origens.

Abstract Having as a starting point the debate about knowing one's family origins as a human right, this article discusses the relationship between family identity and belonging based on an ethnographic research in adoption support groups, talks and interviews with their members and coordinators. From the story of an adopted daughter that we met in group meetings, we also deepened the discussion on how, in a single personal path, identity and relationship matters intertwine as much as broader conceptions about family, kinship, race, gender, class and belonging. Agreeing with Strathern (1999) that revealing new information about kinship can be surrounded by caution and tension, since it brings along impacts to one's personal identity and relationships, we reflect about some conflicts between the adoption practice and the right to origin.

Resumen Teniendo como punto de partida el debate sobre el conocimiento de los orígenes de parentesco como derecho humano, este artículo discute la correlación entre identidad y pertenencia familiar a partir de la investigación etnográfica en grupos de apoyo a la adopción, conversaciones y entrevistas con sus miembros y coordinadores. Con base en narrativas de una hija adoptada, que conocemos en las reuniones del grupo, profundizamos también en la discusión sobre el modo como, en una trayectoria personal singular, se enlazan cuestiones identitarias y relacionales tanto cuanto concepciones más amplias sobre familia, parentesco, raza, género, clase y pertenencia. Estando de acuerdo con Strathern (1999) que las revelaciones de una nueva información de parentesco puede ser envuelta por cautelas y tensiones, una vez que trae impactos incrustados para la identidad personal y para los relacionamientos, reflexionamos sobre algunos de los embates entre la práctica de la adopción y el derecho a los orígenes.

Displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica autosómica dominante asociada a hipoparatiroidismo / Autosomal dominant hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia associated to hypoparathyroidism

RESUMEN Las displasias ectodérmicas constituyen alteraciones de los derivados embriológicos del ectodermo. Paciente adulta, con hipoparatiroidismo, llamó la atención por su fenotipo y fue remitida de la consulta de Neurología a la consulta Genética. Se diagnosticó una displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica, de origen genético con herencia autosómica dominante, poco común para esta entidad. Se presenta este caso con el objetivo de describir las manifestaciones clínicas de esta alteración genética, las cuales nunca fueron objeto de interés médico resultando inadvertidas para su estudio y diagnóstico. Esta alteración se asocia a una condición patológica como el hipoparatiroidismo, en la literatura revisada no se encontraron reportes de la misma. La evaluación clínica de la paciente permitió hacer el diagnóstico y explicar muchos de los problemas para los cuales no existían respuestas, así como ofrecer un asesoramiento genético adecuado para ella y para sus familiares con riesgo de padecer una condición genética similar.

ABSTRACT Ectodermic dysplasias are alterations of the ectoderm embryologic derivatives. This is a case of an adult female patient with hypoparathyroidism, drawing attention due to her phenotype; she was remitted by the consultation of Neurology to the Genetic one. She was diagnosed a hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, of genetic origin with autosomal dominant inheritance, what is very rare for this entity. The case is presented with the aim of describing the clinical manifestation of this genetic alteration that never drew medical interest and nobody diagnosed or studied. It is associated to a pathologic condition like hypothyroidism and was not reported in medical literature before. The clinical evaluation of the patient allowed arriving to the diagnostic and explaining many problems that were unexplained, and also offering the adequate genetic advice to her and her relatives likewise at risk of suffering a similar genetic condition.

Hormonal biomarkers for evaluating the impact of fetal growth restriction on the development of chronic adult disease / Biomarcadores hormonais para avaliar o impacto da restrição do crescimento fetal no desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas em adultos

Abstract The hypothesis of fetal origins to adult diseases proposes that metabolic chronic disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension originate in the developmental plasticity due to intrauterine insults. These processes involve an adaptative response by the fetus to changes in the environmental signals, which can promote the reset of hormones and of the metabolism to establish a "thrifty phenotype". Metabolic alterations during intrauterine growth restriction can modify the fetal programming. The present nonsystematic review intended to summarize historical and current references that indicated that developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) occur as a consequence of altered maternal and fetal metabolic pathways. The purpose is to highlight the potential implications of growth factors and adipokines in "developmental programming", which could interfere in the development by controlling fetal growth patterns. These changes affect the structure and the functional capacity of various organs, including the brain, the kidneys, and the pancreas. These investigations may improve the approach to optimizing antenatal as well as perinatal care aimed to protect newborns against long-termchronic diseases.

Resumo A hipótese das origens fetais de doenças em adultos propõe que distúrbios crônicos metabólicos, incluindo doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes e hipertensão, se originam na plasticidade do desenvolvimento devido a insultos intrauterinos. Estes processos envolvem uma resposta adaptativa do feto amudanças nos sinais ambientais que podem promover a redefinição dos hormônios e do metabolismo para estabelecer um "fenótipo poupador". Alteraçõesmetabólicas durante a restrição de crescimento intrauterino podem modificar a programação fetal. A presente revisão não-sistemática pretendeu resumir referências históricas e atuais que indicassem que as origens desenvolvimentistas da saúde e doença (DOHaD, na sigla em inglês) ocorrem como consequência de alterações nas vias metabólicas materna e fetal. O propósito é destacar as potenciais implicações de fatores de crescimento e adipocinas na "programação do desenvolvimento", que poderia interferir no desenvolvimento, controlando os padrões de crescimento fetal. Estas alterações afetam a estrutura e a capacidade funcional de inúmeros órgãos, incluindo o cérebro, os rins e o pâncreas. Estas investigações podemmelhorar a abordagempara otimizar os cuidados prénatais e perinatais, como objetivo de proteger os recém-nascidos contra doenças crônicas em longo prazo.

O esporte e o ídolo das origens: desvelando a constituição do futsal / The sport and the idol of origins: unveiling the constituition of futsal / El deporte y el ídolo de los orígenes: descubriendo la constitución del futbol sala

Diversas fontes que trabalham com a história do futsal fornecem informações desencontradas e de pouca confiabilidade para os estudiosos da área. Esse trabalho se vale dessas informações e procura, por meio de um debate historiográfico, problematizar a "origem" e a constituição desta prática esportiva ao longo do tempo. O artigo objetiva, primeiramente, discutir o ídolo das origens no futsal, e problematizar o surgimento deste esporte. Na segunda parte, o artigo analisa as transformações na prática desse esporte por meio de mudanças propostas pelas confederações. Conclui-se ser necessária uma desnaturalização e reinterpretação da história do futsal. Este artigo procurou estabelecer novas possibilidades de se pensar a história do futsal e suas relações com a sociedade brasileira.

A lot of sources about history of futsal show diverging and poorly reliable information to students and researchers of this area. This research uses these information and problematizing the "origin" and constitution of this sportive practice over time. This article aims, in the first part, discuss the idol of origins in futsal, and problematizing the appearance of this sport. In the second part, the article analyses the transformation in practice through changes proposed by confederations. In conclusion, it is necessary a denaturation and reinterpretation of history of futsal. This article aims to establish new possibilities to understand the futsal history and its relations with Brazilian society.

Diversas fuentes que trabajan con la historia del futbol sala ofrecen informaciones incongruentes y poco confiables para los estudiosos del área. Este trabajo se apoya en estas informaciones y busca, por medio de un debate historiográfico, problematizar el "origen" y la constitución de la práctica a lo largo del tiempo. El artículo tiene por objetivo, en su primera parte, discutir el ídolo de los orígenes en el futbol sala, y problematizar el surgimiento de este deporte. En la segunda parte, el artículo analiza las transformaciones en la práctica de este deporte por medio de cambios propuestos por las confederaciones. Se concluye que es necesaria una desnaturalización y reinterpretación de la historia del futsal. Este artículo buscó establecer nuevas posibilidades de pensar la historia del futsal y sus relaciones con la sociedad brasileña.

Some suggestions on compiling of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition / 中草药

According to the status of the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and following the idea of establishing the most rigorous standard, to provide constructive suggestions for the revision of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, three suggestions are put forward to the current compilation work as follows: the name about multi-sourced traditional Chinese medicine; Non-standard traditional Chinese medicine entered the prescription of Chinese medicine in Chinese Pharmacopoeia; The font and order of words standardization of Latin scientific name of traditional Chinese medicine.

Simultaneous Determination of 27 Kinds of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Halloysitum album by ICP-MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 27 kinds of heavy metals and trace elements in Halloysitum album from different origins. METHODS： The sample was dissolved by wet digestion. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）， carrier gas was argon and collision gas was helium； plasma gas flow rate was 15.0 L/min；   flow rate of carrier gas was 1.17 L/min and collision gas flow rate was 5.0 mL/min； atomizer was Barbinton， and sampling depth was 8.0 mm； atomizing chamber temperature was 2 ℃； radio frequency power was 1.3 kW； peristaltic pump revolutions was 30 r/min. In full quantitative analysis model， the number of test points was 3， the analysis time was 0.1 s， the repetition was 3 times， clustering analysis was conducted by using PASW Statistics 18.0 software. RESULTS： The linear range of 27 kinds of heavy metals and trace elements were 0-200 μg/L（r≥0.996 5）； the quantitative limit was 0.003 41-75.485 μg/L and the detection limit was      0.001 1-24.350 0 μg/L. RSDs of precision， stability and repeatability tests were all less than 7％； average recovery was 72.3％- 129.1％ （RSD was 0.9％-9.4％， n＝6）. The content of Al was 0.01-123 220.20 mg/kg， and Al was the element with the highest content. Li， Na， Mg， K， Ca， V， Mn， Fe， Co， Ni， Zn， Ga， Se， Rb， Sr， Ba and U were the principal components of trace elements and could be used as characteristic elements； 26 batches of Halloysitum Album samples could be grouped into 4 categories. CONCLUSIONS： The established method is simple， fast and highly sensitive， can improve the precision and accuracy of test results， and it is suitable for the determination of heavy metals and trace elements in Halloysitum album.

The current situation and countermeasures for conservation of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan, Qingdao, China / A situação atual e contramedidas para a conservação de árvores antigas e famosas em Laoshan, Qingdao, China

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examined the characteristics of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China, including species composition, number of individuals, origin, distribution, and age structure, to highlight the values of inheriting history and culture, improving urban environment, protecting regional biodiversity, promoting tourism economy and so on. The analyses was made through field surveys and quantitative analyses of statistical data and relevant literature, The main issues in their conservation are investigated and priority conservation measures are proposed. Results showed that there are 290 ancient and famous trees, comprising 42 species, 34 genera, and 26 families. These included four types of ancient and famous trees with different origins, namely religious trees planted by Buddhists, naturally preserved wild trees, trees with agricultural backgrounds for providing food or used as offerings, and exotic trees introduced from other places. There are relatively more local species and comparatively more elder trees. Ancient and famous trees are distributed in large numbers in Mountain Lao Scenic Area and many of them fall into temperate genera. Currently, ancient and famous tree conservation in Laoshan District is challenging because of issues such as habitat deterioration, severe effects of natural hazards, pests and diseases, weakening physiological function, and inadequate management. Based on all these analyses, countermeasures are proposed, which include regularly inspecting ancient and famous trees, restoring their habitats, reinforcing pest and disease controls, promoting studies on conservation technologies, improving management practices, increasing grants, and reforming the ownership system of ancient and famous trees.

RESUMO: No presente estudo foram examinadas as características, incluindo espécies, número, origem, distribuição e estrutura etária de árvores antigas e famosas no distrito de Laoshan, cidade de Qingdao, província de Shandong, China. Para tal empregou-se um levantamento de campo e análises quantitativas de dados estatísticos e literatura relevante disponível. As principais questões relativas à sua conservação foram investigadas e medidas de conservação prioritárias são propostas. Os resultados mostraram que existem 290 árvores antigas e famosas, compreendendo 42 espécies, 34 gêneros e 26 famílias. Estes incluíram quatro tipos de árvores antigas e famosas com origens diferentes, como as árvores religiosas, árvores silvestres naturalmente preservadas, árvores agrícolas ou usadas como oferendas, e árvores exóticas originarias de outros locais. Há relativamente mais espécies nativas e comparativamente mais árvores mais velhas. Muitas árvores antigas e famosas são distribuídas na área cênica Mountain Lao e muitas delas pertencem a gêneros temperados. Atualmente, a conservação de árvores antigas e famosas no Distrito de Laoshan é desafiadora devido a questões como deterioração do habitat, efeitos severos de perigos naturais, pragas e doenças, enfraquecimento da função fisiológica e manejo inadequado. Medidas foram propostas, por exemplo, inspecionar regularmente árvores antigas e famosas, restaurar seus habitats, reforçar controles de pragas e doenças, promover estudos sobre tecnologias de conservação, melhorar práticas de manejo, aumentar subsídios e reformar o sistema de propriedade de árvores antigas e famosas.

Comparison of volatile components in Schisandra propinqua from different habitats by HS-SPME-GC-MS / 中国中药杂志

A headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method was developed and optimized for qualitative and semi quantitative analysis of volatile components from Schisandra propinqua, a kind of Yi Nationality herb medicine. This method was used for analysis and evaluation of volatile components from S.propinqua from four different geometrical origins (Yunnan Wuding, Yunnan Luoping, Guizhou Qingzhen and Hubei Shennongjia). 51, 53, 52， 50 compounds were identified from the above four kinds of samples respectively, in which 46 volatile components were contained in all of these four origins. The volatile components in these samples from different geographical origins were then compared by using principal component analysis, cluster analysis and other chemometrics methods. The results suggested that the analysis of volatile components can be used to distinguish the S.propinqua from four origins, and those samples from close geographical origins were more similar in volatile components. The developed method was stable, reliable, and suitable for rapid analysis of volatile components from S.propinqua, providing reference for quality control, drug development and scientific utilization of the herb.

Determination of polymethoxylated flavones in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from eleven cultivar origins / 中成药

AIM To determine the contents of polymethoxylated flavones in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from eleven cultivar origins.METHODS HPLC was applied to screening extraction solvents (methanol,anhydrous ethanol,95％ ethanol,ethyl acetate and petroleum ether).Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was adopted in the content determination of polymethoxylated flavones in eighteen batches of samples,nobiletin was taken as a reference substance,and the detection wavelength was set at 330 nm.RESULTS Ethyl acetate exhibited the best extraction effect,so it was selected as extraction solvent.Nobiletin showed a good linear relationship within the range of 3.024-13.104 μg/mL (R2 =0.999 8),whose average recovery was 101.37％ with the RSD of 1.34％.The contents of polymethoxylated flavones had obvious differences among samples from different cultivar origins,which were relatively high from Citrus reticulata ‘ Chachi’,Citrus reticulata ‘ Dahongpao’,Citrus reticulata ‘ Tangerina’,Citrus reticulata ‘ Ponkan’,Citrus reticulata ‘ Kinokuni’and Citrus reticulata ‘ Shiyueju’(more than 0.4％).CONCLUSION This simple and accurate method can effectively eliminate the interference of another flavonoids,which is suitable for the content determination of polymethoxylated flavones in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium.

Herbal textual research on Polygalae Radix / 中草药

Quality control is the premise for traditional Chinese medicine efficacy and safety, but there are some problems in quality control of Polygalae Radix. The records of the modern pharmacopoeias for its medicinal species are not consistent with them in the ancient herbal books. Habitats of Polygala tenuifolia are endlessly changed in the ancient herbal books, which leads to an unclear genuine producing area. According to the traditional medicine theories, the reason why people feel dysphoria after taking P. tenuifolia is xylem and P. tenuifolia is bad for the throat without processing. However, the chemical composition that causes these side effects is not very clear. This paper reviewed the medicinal species, genuine producing area and the reasons for side effects of P. tenuifolia by consulting ancient herbal books, monographs, and literature. In the past, there are many other polygala plants used widely in all over the country. Shanxi province has become the genuine habitat for P. tenuifolia. The reason why people feel dysphoria after taking P. tenuifolia is saponins. All saponins, methylbenzene, and alkaloids cause these side effects for throat, but processing can reduce it. This review on processing aspect can provide evidence for reducing toxicity of P. tenuifolia.